STAtemplate

The central objective of this seminar is to analyse the processes and problems of the development of Sub-Saharan Africa with an emphasis on the support or contribution that Canadian policy might make to this endeavour.
The seminar will begin with a survey of general analyses of African development. Attention will then focus on the ways in which Africa is interlinked with the international system and how Canada interacts with Africa. The dimensions of African interaction with the international system include issues of governance, international trade, international migration, financial flows and debt, direct foreign investment and the multinational enterprise, and development assistance.

The vehicle through which the seminar will focus the energies of the participants will be the production of a "Kroeger Commission" Report on Canadian Policy for the Support of African Development that will be submitted to relevant officials and Ministries of the Government of Canada.

B. Instructor
A. R. M. Ritter, School of International Affairs and Department of Economics
Office: Loeb Building C871
E-Mail: Arch_Ritter@carleton.ca
Telephone: Office: 520-2600 extension 6668
FAX: 613 520-3906
Office Hours: Tuesdays and Fridays, 9:00 to 12:00
Web Site: www.Carleton.Ca/~aritter and follow a link.

C. Course Requirements and Assessment
Evaluation in this seminar will be based on the term paper, a presentation in the seminar, seminar participation and help in producing the Report.

The weights of these components are as follows:
(a) Term Paper and Condensed Version 50%
(b) Seminar Presentation 20%
(c) Seminar Participation 20%
(d) Critique, editing and improvement of Another Paper 10%
Total 100%

1. Term Paper
The major requirement for the course is a Term Paper. It should be on an aspect of the issues addressed in the course, and should be ready for presentation in a preliminary way in one of the class that is relevant for the topic.
The Term Paper should be designed to serve as a component which could also feed into the above-mentioned Report on Canadian Policy for the Support of African Development. It could be produced by a team of two. However, if larger teams would like to constitute themselves for more ambitions pieces of the project, this would be fine. A solo author on a specific and well focussed topic would be fine as well.
The Term Paper is due on the last day of classes. It should be approximately 25 -30 pages in length (font 12, one inch margins, double spaced, including footnotes and bibliography.)
In order to produce a well-rounded Report for there are a number of topics that would need to be covered. Here is a tentative, incomplete and preliminary list. Probably there are other good themes and ideas not included below that could be explored.

" Is there a place for "Fair Trade" and a role for Canada in this respect?
" Can Canada encourage Regional Co-operation and Integration?
" Would there be a Role for Canada in Export Diversification and Commodity Stabilization?
" What should Canadian policy towards large-scale Canadian investment projects in Africa, notably in mining and other resource sectors?
" Can Canadian Immigration policy assist and not harm African Development? How?
" What Priority Should Africa Have in Canada's Development Assistance Program?
" How Should Assistance be allocated among Countries in the Region?
" How Should Assistance be allocated within countries?
" What Priority Should AIDS/HIV and/or Malaria Have as an Area for Assistance?
" Are There New and Innovative Areas that Canadian Assistance could be emphasized?
" Has Africa's Debt Situation been managed appropriately and is there a possible role for Canada in this area?
" Canada's Role in Supporting Stability and Good Governance

2. Seminar Presentation
The Seminar Presentation should be about 30 minutes in length "per team" so to speak. It should be on the topic of the Term Paper and should fit into the overall structure and substance of the course. It will be fitted into the relevant section in the course outline and will likely be presented on the date set for that general section. (There may be some modification in timing of topics, depending on the selection of specific topics for presentations.)

3. Participation
A grade for Partcipation will be allocated by the Instructor on the basis of participation in the discussions of the seminar.

4. Work on the Final Report
For the final Report, each team will produce its own essay but also condense, edit, refine and modify the work of another team so that it fits into the Report.

D. Texts, General Analyses and Information Documents on Africa

1. Texts

**Nations Development Program, Human Development Report, 2005 (International Cooperation at a Crossroads: Aid, Trade and Security in an Unequal World) (HDR 2005), Oxford University Press, 2005., especially Chapters 3, 4, and 5.
http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/ (Available in the Bookstore r from the "net")

**Canadian International Development Agency, Canada's International Policy Statement: A Role of Pride and Influence in World Development, Ottawa, 2005. http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/INET/IMAGES.NSF/vLUImages/IPS_PDF_EN/$file/IPS-EN.pdf

2. General Works and Sources

UNDP, Human Development Report 1999 (Globalization with a Human Face,) New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/1999/en/

World Bank, World Development Report 2003, Sustainable Development in a Dynamic World: Transforming Institutions, Growth and the Quality of Life, New York: Oxford University Press, 2003

UNDP, Human Development Report 1999 (Globalization with a Human Face,) New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/1999/en/

United Nations Commission on Trade and Development, The Least Developed Countries, Report. 2004. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/ldc2004annex_en.pdf

World Bank, World Development Indicators 2005 http://devdata.worldbank.org/wdi2005/Cover.htm

World Bank, Can Africa Claim the 21st Century, Washington D.C.: 2000. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/complete.pdf

The New Partnership for Africa's Development, (NEPAD) Framework Document, http://www.nepad.org/2005/files/documents/inbrief.pdf;

NEPAD's Web Site: http://www.nepad.org/2005/files/inbrief.php

Amoako, K. Y. Perspectives on Africa's Development ECA / UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA / ECA), 2000, http://www.eldis.org/static/DOC9139.htm

Meredith, Martin, The Fate of Africa: A History of 50 vYears of Independence, New York: Public Affairs, 2005

Sachs, Jeffrey D., The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time , New York: Penguin Press, 2005

Stiglitz, J. E., and Andrew Charlton, Fair Trade foe All: How Trade Can Promote Development, New York: Oxford University Press, 2005

______________________________________________________________________________

COURSE OUTLINE AND READING LIST

Note: Works marked with two Asterisks (**) are required readings. One asterisk indicates "recommended." The others are optional but should be useful for essays written in these areas.

I. Introduction to the Course Week 1
Administrative Matters
Introduction

II. Analysing Africa's Development Difficulties: the Range of Issues Weeks 2, and 3

**World Bank, Can Africa Claim the 21st Century, Washington D.C.: 2000. Chapter 1, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/complete.pdf

**Sachs, Jeffrey D., The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time , New York: Penguin Press, 2005, Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 10.

**UN Economic Commission for Africa, Economic Report on Africa, Addis Ababa, 2005, Chapter 1 http://www.uneca.org/era2005/full.pdf

**Arrighi, Giovanni, "The African Crisis," New Left Review, 15, May June 2002. http://www.newleftreview.net/PDFarticles/NLR24901.pdf

Bryceson, Deborah & L. Bank, "End of an Era: Africa's Development Parallax," Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 19: 1, 2001 http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/media/e39puprqwn6c7cvkybrl/contributions/f/l/n/1/fln18jva7yrqddbg.pdf

UNDP, HDR 2005, Chapter 2, "Inequality and Human Development." http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/HDR05_chapter_2.pdf

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, (OECD), African Economic Outlook 2005, Paris France: OECD, 2005 http://www.oecd.org/document/16/0,2340,en_2649_15162846_34864528_1_1_1_1,00.html

The NEPAD Report Card Project, http://www.idrc.ca/fr/ev-67877-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

Canadian International Development Agency, Web Site on Africa; http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/cidaweb/webcountry.nsf/vall/4EFEC663A49D71E785256B9D006290A6?OpenDocument]

II. Trade Relations with Africa Week 4 and 5
1. Can Trade promote Equitable and Sustainable Development?
2. What role might there be for trade promotion?
3. What role might there be for "Fair Trade"
4. Can Canada Support Regional Integration in Africa? How?

**World Bank, Can Africa Claim the 21st Century, Washington D.C.: 2000. Chapter 7, Diversifying Exports, Reorienting Trade Police and Pursuing Regional Integration," http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/complete.pdf

**UNDP, HDR 2005, Chapter 4, "International Trade: Unlocking the Potential foe Human Development"
http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/HDR05_chapter_4.pdf

**Amoako, K. Y., Perspectives on Africa's Development, UN Economic Commission for Africa, 2000, Part Five: "The Imperatives of Regional Cooperation and Integration."
http://www.uneca.org/eca_resources/publications/books/perspectives_on_africa_s_development/default.htm

*UN Economic Commission for Africa, Economic Report on Africa, Addis Ababa, 2005, Chapter 6 "Harnessing globalization to create decent jobs and reduce poverty." http://www.uneca.org/era2005/full.pdf

UNCTAD Trade and Development Report, New York and Geneva: 2005 http://www.unctad.org/Templates/webflyer.asp?docid=6086&intItemID=3453&lang=1&mode=downloads

Stiglitz, J. E., and Andrew Charlton, Fair Trade foe All: How Trade Can Promote Development, New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, Chapters 2, 5 and 6.

III. The Multinational Enterprise on Africa: Large-Scale Resource Projects Week 6

*Pedro, Antonio M. A. Mainstreaming Mineral Wealth in Poverty Reduction Strategies. ECA Policy Paper No. 1. Addis Ababa: U. N. Economic Commission for Africa http://www.uneca.org/eca_programmes/sdd/documents/Mainstreaming_mineral_wealth_policy_paper_FINAL_CT.pdf

**UNCTAD, World Investment Report, New York and Geneva: 2004, especially pp. 39-49. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs//wir2004_en.pdf

Ker, Alex, Shifting Ground: Aboriginal-Mining Relations in Canada, Ottawa: IDRC, 1996, mimeographed. http://64.233.179.104/search?q=cache:29E4ox0kQ3cJ:www.yorku.ca/cerlac/litreview.pdf+Ker,+Alex,+Shifting+Ground:+Aboriginal-Mining+Relations+in+Canada,+Ottawa:+IDRC&hl=en

McMahon, Gary and Felix Ramy (editors) Large Mines and the Community: Socioeconomic and Environmental Effects in Latin America, Canada and Spain, IDRC and World Bank: Ottawa, 2001 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/02/27/000094946_0202090410580/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf

Ritter, Archibald R. M. 2001."Canada: From Fly-In Fly-Out to Mining Metropolis" in McMahon and Ramy, Ibid. Chapter 6, re Voisey's Bay and Diavik. http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-28032-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html

Whiteman, Gail and K. Mamen, Meaningful Consultation and Participation in the Mining Sector? Ottawa: North-South Institute, 2002.
http://idrinfo.idrc.ca/Archive/Corpdocs/117712/lit_rev_ex_sum_e.pdf

World Bank, Global Mining: Large Mines and Local Communities, Forging partnerships, Building Sustainability, Washington D.C.: International Financial Corporation, 2002 http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTOGMC/Resources/largemineslocalcommunities.pdf

IV. Migration and the "Brain Drain" from Africa Week 7
a. What are the impacts of migration within and to the outside of the region?
b. How can Canadian Immigration policy assist and not harm African Development?

**Solimano, Andres, International Migration and the Global Economic Order: An Overview, World Bank Working Paper No. 2720, November 2001 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=634431

**Martineau, T. et. Al., Briefing Note on international Migration of Health Professionals" Liverpool School of Tropical medicine, 2002 http://www.liv.ac.uk/lstm/research/documents/InternationalMigrationBriefNote.pdf

International Organization for Migration, World Migration, 2005, especially Chapters 1, 2, 8, 9, and 10. http://www.iom.int/iomwebsite/Publication/ServletSearchPublication?event=detail&id=4171

IV. Development Assistance Weeks 8, 9 and 10
a. What priority should Africa have in Canada's Development Assistance Program?
b. How should assistance be allocated among countries in the region?
c. How should assistance be allocated within countries?
d. What priority should AIDS/HIV have as an area for assistance?

**UNDP, HDR 2005, Chapter 3, "Aid for the 21st Century" http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/HDR05_chapter_3.pdf

**Johnson, Alison and Matthew Martin, Empowering Developing Countries to lead the Aid Partnership, Background Paper for the UNDP Human Development Report 2005, UNDP Occasional paper 2005 http://hdr.undp.org/docs/publications/background_papers/2005/HDR2005_Johnson_Alison_and%20_Matthew_Martin_16.pdf

*The Reality of Aid 2004: Focus on Governance and Human Rights, Part II: Africa, pp. 37-84 http://www.realityofaid.org/roa.php

**CIDA, Canada: Making a Difference in the World. A Policy Statement on Strengthening Aid Effectiveness, http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/INET/IMAGES.NSF/vLUImages/pdf/$file/SAE-ENG.pdf

G-8 Gleneagles Summit, Plan of Action, Jul 2005 www.g8.gc.ca/pdf/g8_Africa-en.pdf

**Theroux, "The Rock Star's Burden," New York Times, December 15, 2005. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/15/opinion/15theroux.html?ex=1136350800&en=11c69e4b3193e600&ei=5070

VI. The Debt Problem and Financial Issues Week 10
a) Has the debt problem been managed satisfactorily?
b) Governance of the international financial institutions and Africa's place therein.

Readings to be announced

VII. Democracy and Good Governance: What Role for Canada? Weeks 11 and 12

**Lash, Nicholas, "Corruption and Economic Development," Chicago: Loyola University: May 19, 2003 http://sba.luc.edu/research/wpapers/030519.pdf

**Amoako, K. Y., Perspectives on Africa's Development, UN Economic Commission for Africa, 2000, Part IV, "Governance for a Progressing Africa," http://www.uneca.org/eca_resources/publications/books/perspectives_on_africa_s_development/default.htm

**UNDP, HDR 2005, Chapter 5. "Violent Conflict - bringing the real threat into focus," http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/HDR05_chapter_5.pdf

**World Bank, Can Africa Claim the 21st Century, Washington D.C.: 2000. Chapter 2, "Improving Governance, Managing Conflict, and Rebuilding States," http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTAFRICA/Resources/complete.pdf

The New Partnership for Africa's Development, (NEPAD) Framework Document A1. "THE PEACE, SECURITY, DEMOCRACY AND POLITICAL GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES," http://www.nepad.org/2005/files/documents/inbrief.pdf;

*The Reality of Aid 2004: Focus on Governance and Human Rights, Part II: Africa, pp. 37-84 http://www.realityofaid.org/roa.php

______________________________________________________________________________

INTERNET RESOURCES

There are a variety of useful Web Sites on Development issues generally, on international and national development organizations, on development non-governmental organizations, and on each country on Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, and the countries of the former Soviet Union. For virtually every theme in the course and every country of the region there are useful materials that are worth checking. Among the more valuable of these are the following::

I. General Link Sites of Relevance:

A. Development
1. http://www.eldis.org A Gateway Site for Development Information, Sponsored by the Scandinavian and Swiss Development Agencies
2. http://hdr.undp.org/ The United Nations Development Agency Human Development Report Site; an excellent site for general information and statistics on Development
3. www.vlib.org A site with links to all countries on all topics. A good starting point for many explorations.
4. http://www2.etown.edu/vl/ The WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources
5. http://w3.acdi-cida.gc.ca/virtual.nsf Virtual library on Development. From the Canadian International Development Agency
6. http://www.developmentgateway.org/ Development Gateway, another portal on development issues]
7. http://sdgateway.net/ Sustainable Development Gateway

A. Africa: General
1. www.allafrica.com A general site for Africa
2. www.un.org/Depts/eca UN Economic Commission for Africa
3. http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/ Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources. An excellent portal into materials on Africa
4. http://www.afrika.no/ Norwegian Council on Africa A Portal Site

B. Economics
1. www.rfe.org Resources for Economists: the economics portal on the web.
2. www.ionice.com The Internet Site for Economists

C. The Press, World-wide
1. www.newspapers.com A site with links to most major newspapers in the Hemisphere and elsewhere.
2. http://www.onlinenewspapers.com/ Thousands of Newspapers on the Web

II. International Organizations:
1. www.un.org The United Nations
2. www.un.org.esa UN Economnic and Social Development Site.
3. www.un.org/Depts/eca UN Economic Commission for Africa
4. www.eclac.org UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean; contains all their published research and studies since about 1997
5. www.worldbank.org The World Bank
6. www.imf.org International Monetary Fund
7. www.iadb.org The Inter-American Development Bank.
8. www.afdb.org The African Development Bank

III. Non-Governmental Organizations
1. www.amnesty.org Amnesty International, with coverage of all Latin and other countries.
2. www.hrw.org Human Rights Watch with general annual analyses of specific countries and periodical in-depth country studies.
3. www.focal.ca The site of the Canadian - Latin American Foundation, with links to every country in the region.

IV. Relevant Canadian Sites:
1. www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade.)
2. www.acdi-cida.gc.ca CIDA The Canadian International Development Agency
3. www.hri.ca Human Rights Internet: an Ottawa-based human rights monitoring and analysis NGO.)
4. www.Canadianeconomy.gc.ca/english/economy/index.cfm Canadian Economy Online, Government of Canada

V. National Oriented Sites
For virtually every country in Africa there are useful link sites that provide connections with most aspects of the society, its politics, economy, culture, geography, governments, enterprises, NGOs, Labour Unions, institutions of all sorts, etc. ___________________________________________________________________

ADDITIONAL MATTERS:

For Support for Preparing Written Assignments:
Writing Tutorial Service (229PA)

For General Academic Advice and Support:
Student Academic Success Centre (SASC, 302 Tory Building)

Requests for Academic Accommodations:
For Religious Obligations To be worked out on individual basis with instructor. Consult Equity Services Website or an Equity Advisor (ext. 5622) for Policy and list of Holy Days (www.carleton.ca/equity)
For Pregnancy Contact Equity Services (ext. 5622) to obtain a "letter of accommodation."

Academic Accommodations for Students with Disabilities:
Students with disabilities requiring academic accommodations in this course are encouraged to contact the Paul Menton Centre for Students with Disabilities (500 University Centre) to complete the necessary forms. After registering with the Centre, make an appointment to meet with me in order to discuss your needs at least two weeks before the first in-class test or CUTV midterm exam. This will allow sufficient time to process your request. Please note the following deadlines for submitting completed forms to the PMC for formally scheduled exam accommodations: November 7th, 2005 for fall and fall/winter term courses, and March 10, 2006 for winter term courses.

Plagiarism:
Please be aware that plagiarism is a serious offense and one that should be recognized and avoided. For further information regarding this subject, please see the Economics Web Site or pick up a handout from the Department.