6. Problem solving

• thinking
• puzzle box
• trial-and-error
• Gestalt approach to problem solving
• Necker cube
• restructuring
• insight
• reproductive strategies
• productive strategies
• problem-solving set
• functional fixedness
• preparation
• incubation
• illumination
• verification
• Newell & Simon's Problem-space theory
• problem space
• operators
• initial & goal state
• domain independent heuristics
• means-end analysis
• loop-avoidance strategy
• working backwards
• domain dependent heuristics
• goals and subgoals
• algorithms
• Tower of Hanoi puzzle
• ill-defined / well-defined problems
• experts vs. novices
• combinatorial explosion
• deGroot's chess studies
• ACT* (Anderson)
• declarative stage
• procedural stage
• proceduralization
• composition
• procedure tuning
• effects of practice
• spacing
• modularity
• feedback
• analogies
• creativity
• divergent / convergent thinking
• Alternate Use Test / Remote Associates Test
• analogical mapping