Final exam questions for chapter 9
Mon, 22 Apr 2002 04:41:36 +0000
"Elissa Emu" <arctic_emu@hotmail.com
1. Who proposed the "strain theory" of deviance?
a. Robert Merton *
b. Kai Erikson
c. Walter Reckless
d. Emile Durkheim
2. The fifty-year-old bureaucrat had no hope of advancing professionally. But he still made sure that he followed each and every rule right to the letter, even when it slowed down his work. This illustrates what type of deviance?
a. rebellion
b. innovation
c. retreatism
d. ritualism *
3. A woman who was fighting a drinking problem finally lost her part-time job and now lives on the street and refuses the help
of her friends. This case illustrates which of Merton's types of deviance?
a. rebellion
b. ritualism
c. innovation
d. retreatism *
4. What theory asserts that deviance and conformity result not only from what people do, but also from how others respond to those actions?
a. differential association theory *
b. labelling theory
c. conflict theory
d. control theory
5. Jack occasionally attends high school parties where he drinks a few beers, even though he is underage. This behaviour
provokes little reaction from the parents of his friends. Jack's drinking episodes illustrate
a. projective labelling.
b. primary deviance. *
c. a degradation ceremony.
d. secondary deviance.
6. If you believe that a person's tendency toward conformity or deviance depends upon relative contact with others who encourage conventional behaviour versus those who do not, you adhere to
a. primary deviance theory.
b. differential association theory. *
c. control theory.
d. labelling theory.
7. Which of the following is not one of Hirschi's types of social control?
a. opportunity
b. freedom *
c. attachment
d. involvement
8. All of the following are often called victimless crimes, except
a. prostitution.
b. gambling.
c. illegal drug use.
d. arson. *
9. What type of justification for punishment is based on the eighteenth-century Enlightenment notion that, as calculating and rational creatures, humans will not break the law if they think the pain of punishment will outweigh the pleasure of crime?
a. societal protection
b. retribution
c. deterrence *
d. rehabilitation
Final exam questions for chapters 10, 13 & 24
Tue, 30 Apr 2002 21:48:04 +0000
"Elissa Emu" <arctic_emu@hotmail.com>
(chapter 10)
1. Social stratification is a characteristic of society, not simply a reflection of individual
differences. TRUE * FALSE
2. With regard to social mobility, people move upward or downward more than they do
horizontally. TRUE FALSE *
4. Social stratification in South Africa no longer reflects race. TRUE FALSE *
5. Social stratification in a class system rests only on the accident of birth and not on personal talent and effort. TRUE FALSE *
7. The former Soviet Union was the first classless society. TRUE FALSE *
8. In the last decade, most people in the Russian federation have experienced upward social mobility. TRUE FALSE *
9. Class systems always rest on the belief that people should remain "in their place." TRUE FALSE *
11. Spencer applied Darwin's evolutionary model to the operation of society. TRUE * FALSE
12. The Davis-Moore thesis suggests that rewards reflect an occupation's value to society. TRUE * FALSE
13. According to the social conflict paradigm, social stratification is both useful and inevitable. TRUE FALSE *
14. Industrial societies exhibit less income inequality than agrarian societies. TRUE * FALSE
(chapter 13)
15. Adolescent males exhibit
a. greater mathematical skills. *
b. ability to deal with pain.
c. verbal skills.
d. long-term endurance.
16. A form of social organization in which females are dominated by males is termed:
a. patriarchy. *
b. oligarchy.
c. matriarchy.
d. egalitarian.
17. According to the United Nations, what nations afford women the highest social standing?
a. Pakistan and Afghanistan
b. United States and Canada
c. Italy, France, and Spain
d. Norway, Sweden, and Finland *
18. Women are highly concentrated in low-paying jobs. This exemplifies
a. feminization of poverty.
b. institutional sexism. *
c. matriarchy.
d. sexual harassment.
19. By about what age do children incorporate gender into their identities by applying society's standards to themselves?
a. none
b. twelve
c. six
d. three *
20. In her research, Janet Lever spent a year observing children at play. She found that female peer groups promote
a. communication and cooperation. *
b. passivity.
c. aggression and control.
d. independence.
21. In university, men are disproportionately represented in
a. social sciences.
b. humanities.
c. mathematics and the physical sciences. *
d. fine arts.
22. Women earn 73 cents to every dollar earned by men. This reflects society's unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women. What is this inequality between the sexes called?
a. secondary sexual characteristics
b. primary sexual characteristics
c. the feminization of poverty
d. gender stratification *
23. Forty-four percent of working females are found within these two employment groups:
a. sales and social science.
b. teaching and health.
c. clerical and service. *
d. self-employed and manufacturing.
24. According to Talcott Parsons, gender forms a complementary set of roles that links
men and women into family units. Socialization teaches boys what type of traits?
a. expressive
b. sensitivity
c. instrumental *
d. cooperative
25. The first wave of the feminist movement in Canada began in the
a. 1920s.
b. 1960s.
c. mid-1700s.
d. mid-1800s. *
26. What type of feminism holds that gender equality can be realized only by eliminating
the cultural notion of gender itself?
a. conservative feminism
b. socialist feminism
c. liberal feminism
d. radical feminism *
(chapter 24)
27. The transformation of culture and social institutions over time is called
a. postmodernity.
b. modernity.
c. social change. *
d. social character.
28. The process of social change initiated by industrialization is called
a. postmodernization.
b. social character.
c. modernization. *
d. individualization.
29. All of the following characterize modernization, except
a. the decline of small, traditional communities.
b. future orientation.
c. the expansion of personal choice.
d. decreasing social diversity. *
30. As the power of tradition erodes, people come to see their lives as a series of options, a process Peter Berger calls
a. modernization.
b. homogenization.
c. other-directedness.
d. individualization. *
31. Who developed the theory of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft?
a. Max Weber
b. Emile Durkheim
c. Ferdinand Toennies *
d. Karl Marx
32. Who held that modernity means replacing a traditional world view with a rational way of thinking?
a. Max Weber *
b. Ferdinand Toennies
c. Emile Durkheim
d. Karl Marx
33. A society in which industry and expanding bureaucracy have eroded traditional social ties is called a
a. mass society. *
b. classless society.
c. class society.
d. traditional society.
34. A capitalist society with pronounced social stratification is called a
a. mass society.
b. class society. *
c. classless society.
d. tradition-directed society.
35. What does the Information Revolution emphasize?
a. collectivism
b. ideas *
c. tradition
d. material things