WELCOME! Tunngasugit!

Please visit the web page entitled "The Cycle to Welfare" submitted by Sharon Angnakak as partial requirement for Sociology 53.100-N, a first year, introductory course offered at Nunatta Campus, Iqaluit, NU. Sharon authored this page using FrontPage.

A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Sharon Angnakak

© Sharon Angnakak 2002

PROJECT PROPOSAL

Objective/Subject: The objective of this project is to examine, observe, and research amalgamation, a cross-cultural environment, and its affects on the family and community within Nunavut.

Some issues I would like to study are mixed marriages, mixed classrooms, and also cross culture within businesses and government.

Question(s):

Has amalgamation, and intertwining of western culture with traditional Inuit culture ultimately and inevitably diminish traditional Inuit people to non-existence? Also, has the joining of race and culture been an improvement or a desecration of the Inuit people?

I would like to incorporate theoretical ideologies such as the “structural-functional” paradigm and the “social-conflict” paradigm in comparison to my objective and question.

Outcomes to the question mentioned above could go either way, results I would expect would vary depending on one’s personal situation. I am interested with the subject from myself, my family a life from two cultures. My father is native Inuk from Pangnirtung, and my mother is qalluunaaq also from Pangnirtung, however her parents, my grandparents are British missionaries. I believe that my father found it difficult in his earlier years to try to incorporate a “9-5” with his passion for hunting, and I am sure he still experiences the difficulty of resisting the hunt for a day in the office.

I have a quite interesting book that I took from my mother, who gave to my father as a gift and understanding of his struggles, it is titled Between Two Cultures.

Also from personal experience I feel that I am more qaluunaaq than I am Inuk, only because I was brought up with my qaluunaaq side to be more dominant and apparent in my life. Having done so, I believe the my viewpoint on life essentially is western-dominant, and with that viewpoint I have noticed things such as Inuit benefits of free medication, free education right through post-secondary and have experienced the best of both worlds. All those things are indeed wonderful to attain although I can’t help but acknowledge that I am no less “Inuk” than my mother is, who is a racially a pure qaluunaaq.

So I hope you find this as interesting as I do, and I believe I will be able to elaborate on this more than 10 pages, so I am excited and anticipating what I can accomplish during this course. (I have so much free time and access to resources here its incredible!)

Please advise me on any suggestions you may have.

Nunavut, Canada

Significant events in the development of Canada's newest Territory

1867: Constitution Act (British North America Act, Section 91[24]) Responsibility of Federal Government for "Indians and land reserved for Indians."
1868: Crown acquires Rupert's and North Western Territory from Hudson's Bay Company. Both become part of Canadian Union by British Order-in-Council (Rupert's Land Act, 1868 [UK], 31 & 32 Vic. c.105).
1870: The Northwest Territories created. (Temporary Government of Rupert's Land Act 1869, 1870 (Can), 32 & 33 Vic. c. 3)
1875: The Northwest Territories Act passed. Provided the basis for present constitutional and legislative status for the NWT. Fully Elected Assembly, 1881.
1876: First Indian Act. Consolidates under Federal control all previous legislation concerning Indians. The District of Keewatin was established.
1877: District of Keewatin reduced in size because of Manitoba's expansion.
1880: Arctic Islands control transferred to Canada from Great Britain. Department of Indian Affairs Established.
1896: First Act for the preservation of Arctic Game in NWT _ ref and date??
1898: Yukon Territory Act establishes Yukon.
1899: Treaty 8 signed, affecting some areas of present NWT.
1905: July 20 The Alberta Act and the Saskatchewan Act. Provinces established on September 1, 1905 [Alberta Act, 1905 (Can), 4-5 Ed.. VIIc.3 and Saskatchewan Act, 1905 (Can), 4-5 Ed.. VIIc.42]
1905: Northwest Territories Act amended to provide for appointment of a Commissioner and Council of not more than four to assist him to oversee the remainder of the NWT. It also provided for the transfer of the seat of government to Ottawa.
1912: boundaries of Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec extended north.
1921: NWT Council enlarged to six members
1921: Treaty 11 signed
1922 (??): Indian Act changed to include administration of Inuit
1926: By Order -in-Council the 'Arctic Islands Game Preserve (AIGP)' was established encompassing the High Arctic Islands, northwestern Baffin Island and islands west to and including northeastern Banks Island and a small portion of the mainland to bolster Canada's claims to sovereignty.
1929: The boundaries of the 'Arctic Islands Game Preserve (AIGP)' were expanded.
1942: The boundaries of the 'Arctic Islands Game Preserve (AIGP)' were expanded to encompass all of the eastern Arctic with the exception of the southern Keewatin and some islands in Hudson Bay.
1951: The Northwest Territories Act was amended allowing for the first selection of members to the Northwest Territories Council. The Council was enlarged to eight, three members had to be elected from constituencies in the District of Mackenzie and at least one yearly session of the Council had to be held in the Northwest Territories.
1951: "A new Indian Act was passed [1951 (Can.) , 15 Geo.lVI c.29] protecting Indian lands from alienation, and Indian property from depredation, as well as providing for a form of local government."
1953-1954: "... the federal Government recognizes northern administration."???
1959: the 'Nelson Commission' was appointed to investigate the unfulfilled provisions of Treaties 8 and 11.
1960: Aboriginal people were given the right to vote in federal elections.
1960: The Mackenzie District was created with administration from Fort Smith.
1961: First exploratory drilling in the High Arctic on Melville Island. September 27 1962 Conservative government Throne Speech indicated intent to introduce measures to provide greater self-government leading to the creation of new provinces in Canada's North.
May 21 1963: Liberal government introduced legislation (never implemented) proposing the division of the Northwest Territories into the Mackenzie and Nunassiaq Territories.
1963: Fulltime Commissioner of NWT appointed.
1965: Dean AWR Carrothers appointed by federal government to head an :advisory Commission on the Development of the Northwest Territories" (Carrothers Commission).
1966: Carrothers Commission advises against partition of the Northwest Territories for next 10 years. Two federal constituencies are created.
1966: Northwest Territories Council abolished the Arctic Islands Game Preserve (AIGP) and brought the area within the same legislative framework as the Northwest Territories.
1967: Northwest Territories Council moved from Ottawa to Yellowknife.
1969: Nisgaa of British Columbia go to court for a declaration that their title to land had never been surrendered by Treaty or otherwise extinguished.
1969: Federal government White Paper on Indian Policy, "At Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy," made public and recommended repeal of Indian Act and abolition of all legal distinctions between native and non-natives.
December 1969????: Dr. Lloyd Barber appointed as Indian Claims Commissioner to receive and study Indian grievances and claims, and recommend measures to be taken by the government to resolve them.
September 25, 1970: The Committee for Original Peoples' Entitlement (COPE) was formally incorporated. To express concerns about aboriginal rights.
1970: India Brotherhood of the Northwest Territories established to deal with concerns about Treaties 8 and11.
1971: The Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (ITC) established to speak with a united voice on issues concerning development of the Canadian North and preservation of Inuit lifestyles.
1972: The Metis and Non-Status Native Association of the NWT was incorporated.
1972: ITC, Inuit Tapirisat of Canada conference confirmed land claims as priority
1973: The Paulette Caveal (a declaration of prior interest in the land) to 450,000 square miles of traditional land was lifted in the Supreme Court of the NWT by the Dene. It was overturned by the Supreme Court of Canada on technical grounds. [Re: Paulette's Application ... (1973) 6W.W.R 97 (NWT S.C.)]
1973: Calder v. Attorney-General of B.C. decided by the Supreme court of Canada, and later the federal government reversed tits position that aboriginal title was not a concept existing in Canadian common law. [Calder v. Attorney-General of B.C., (1973) S.C.R. 313]
1973: the Yukon Native Indian Brotherhood presented a land claim proposal for status and non-status Indians in the Yukon (Together today for Our Children Tomorrow). The federal government agreed to negotiate, implying some recognition of rights.
1973: The Canadian government announced that it would establish an Office of Native Claims to negotiate "comprehensive claims," claims for land not covered by treaty, and "specific claims," claims based on treaties, the Indian Act, or other legislation.
1973: The James Bay Hydro-Electric Project, announced by Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa in 1971, was contested by the Cree with the Quebec Superior Court issuing an interim injunction halting the project.
1974: The Office of Native claims was established within the Depart of Indian and Northern Affairs to evaluate and negotiate Indian land claims.
1974: Milton Freeman's "Inuit Land Use and Occupancy Project" defined boundaries of Inuit land use in Ketikmeot (sp), Keewatin, and Baffin. Adopted in 1979 as Nunavut boundaries.
1974: The Indians and Inuit of Northern Quebec signed an agreement-in-principle with the Quebec and Canadian government to settle their land claims in northern Quebec.
1975: The first fully-elected Northwest Territories Assembly was held signifying the end of political appointments.
1975: Mr. Justice Thomas Berger opened the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry to examine the issue of pipeline construction in the Mackenzie River valley .
1975: The Dene Declaration was unanimously passed by the Joint General Assembly of the Indian Association in Fort Simpson, proposing self-government for the Dene of the NWT.
1975: The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement was signed between the Grand Council of the Crees, Northern Quebec Inuit Association and the Government of Quebec, the James Bay Energy Corporation, the James Bay Development Corporation, the Quebec Hydro-Electric Commission (Hydro-Quebec) and the Government of Canada. It was the first modern treaty, comprehensive claim, between the crown and aboriginal peoples in Canada.
October 9, 1975: Commission on Home Rule for Greenland was established.
February 27, 1976: Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (ITC) proposed division of the NWT and the creation of a new territory in the eastern arctic to be called Nunavut (Our Land). The Nunavut proposal included the Inuvaluit region (represented by the Committee for Original People's Entitlement - COPE).
1976: Inuvaluit split from Inuit Tapirisat to settle their claim independently.
1976: The Special Electoral boundaries Commission recommended division of the NWT into two electoral districts: Nunatsiaq and the Western Arctic.
1976: The Dene of the Northwest Territories (NWT) present a draft agreement-in-principle to the government of Canada which proposed an Indian government for the Northwest Territories with powers like that of a province. Metis of the Northwest Territories did not support this proposal and asked for separate funds to fund their own claims research.
1977: The Metis Association of the Northwest Territories (NWT) submit a claim paper titled "Our land, Our Culture, Our Future," to the federal government proposing that the Northwest Territories (NWT) be divided by extending the Manitoba/Saskatchewan border northwards.
1977: The Committee for Original Peoples' Entitlement (COPE) presented "Inuvaluit Nunangat" proposal for an agreement-in-principle to achieve the settlement of Inuvialuit land rights in the Western Arctic region of the Northwest Territories (NWT) and the Yukon.
1977: C.M. Drury was appointed by the federal government to conduct an inquiry on constitutional development in the Northwest Territories (NWT).
1977: The Berger Report on the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry was published recommending the postponement of the pipeline for ten years.
December 14, 1977: the NWT Inuit Land Claims Commission put forward a pro9posal to the federal government calling for the formation of a new territory and government. "Proposal: Agreement-in-principle for the Establishment of Inuit Rights Between the Inuit of Nunavut and the Government of Canada."
1978: Federal Land Claims Proposal "Dene and Metis Claims in the Mackenzie Valley" rejected by both the Dene and Metis, resulting in the withdrawal of federal funding for negotiations until a single claim could be developed for both groups.
1978: The name "National Indian Brotherhood of the NWT" was formally changed to "Dene Nation" at the Dene National Assembly.
October 31 1978: the Committee for Original People's entitlement (COPE) signed the "Inuvaluit land Rights Settlement Agreement-in-principle" with the Federal government to settle the Inuvialuit land claim in the western Arctic.
November 17 1978: the Home Rule Act for Greenland was adopted by the Danish Parliament (Conf. Act no. 577, November 29, 1978, Lovtidende, A, 1978, p. 1879).
January 17 1979: referendum of Greenland population approved Home rule Act for Greenland as of May 1, 1979.
1979: Metis Association of NWT announced that the Dene Nation would be the negotiator for
1979: Northwest Territories divided into two electoral districts for a federal election: Nunatsiaq and the Western Arctic.
September 1979: Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (ITC) at its Annual General Assembly in Igloolik, released a discussion paper entitled "Political Development in Nunavut." it called for the division of the Northwest Territories within ten years and Provincehood for the Nunavut Territory within an additional five years.
November 15, 1979: Mr. Justice Patrick Mahoney ruled that the Baker Lake area was subject to aboriginal title (rights) of the Inuit living there. The Inuit of Baker lake had taken the federal government to court to protect their land from mining operations and to clarify the issue of aboriginal rights. The Baker Lake case established aboriginal rights in the Canadian legal system for the first time.
1979: a new Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories was elected, resulting in an Assembly where native people were a majority.
November 16 1979: The Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories created the Special Committee on Unity.
January 1980: the Drury Report (Report of the Special Representative on Constitutional Development in the Northwest Territories), recommended that the NWT should remain a single political unit and should not be divided, and that residents should assume the major responsibility for determining the direction and pace of political change in the NWT.
1980: funding reinstated to develop a land settlement position for Dene and Metis of the Mackenzie Valley.
October 1980: Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (ITC) passed a resolution calling for the creation of Nunavut, at the annual general meeting.
October 22, 1997??: The Report of the Special Committee on Unity was tabled at the third session of the Northwest Territories Assembly at Frobisher Bay (Iqaluit). The report recommended a commitment by the Assembly to divide the Northwest Territories subject to the will of the people to be determined by a plebiscite and to request the federal government to divide the Northwest Territories if the plebiscite is answered affirmatively.
November 1980: The Special Committee on the Impact of Division was established by the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories to prepare an objective study of the impact of division of the Northwest Territories as a whole and upon its several parts and their people.
May 1981: the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories voted in favor of a plebiscite concerning the creation of Nunavut.
November 1981: the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories adopted a plebiscite ordinance and set the date, April 14, 1982 and the question "Do you think the Northwest Territories should be divided? YES or NO"
1981: The Dene Nation and Metis Association proposed the establishment of a province like jurisdiction called Denendeh in their discussion paper "Public Government for the People of the North."
December, 1981: federal government restated its 1973 policy on comprehensive claims in a paper titled "In All Fairness."
1986: The Tungavik Federation of Nunavut (TFN) and the Dene/Metis signed a boundary and overlap agreement that established a boundary through the Kitikmeot and Keewatin regions.
1987: The federal government issued a document entitled "Comprehensive Land Claims Policy" which modified policy by allowing federal officials to consider specific options or alternatives in a claims settlement which did not formally extinguish aboriginal title.
January 15 1987: the leaders of the constitutional Alliance (CA) signed the Iqaluit Agreement which was premised on the still ungratified 1986 Tungavik Federation of Nunavut (TFN) and Dene/Metis boundary and overlap agreement.
March 12 1987: the document "Boundary and Constitutional Agreement for the Implementation of Division of the Northwest Territories between the Western Constitutional Forum and the Nunavut Constitutional Forum" was approved by the Legislative Assembly. It was recommended that a plebiscite on the proposed boundary be held.
1987: The Tungavik Federation of Nunavut (TFN) and the Dene/Metis were unable to come to a common understanding of their proposed 1986 boundary and overlap agreement, resulting in the collapse of the Iqaluit Agreement and the cancellation of the upcoming plebiscite.
1988: the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs released a document "A Northern Political and Economic Framework," which supported the goals of establishing northern government, settling land claims and promoting economic development.
1988: The "Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement-in-principle between Canada and the Dene Nation and the Metis Association of the Northwest Territories" was signed.
March 31, 1990: the "Comprehensive Land Claim Umbrella Final Agreement between the Government of Canada, the Council for (of??) Yukon Indians and the Government of the Yukon" was initialed.
April 1990: Dene/Metis of the Northwest Territories signed final land claim agreement with the federal government. But agreement was rejected in July.
April 30 1990: Agreement-in-principle between the Inuit (Tungavik Federation of Nunavut - TFN) of the Nunavut Settlement Area and the federal government signed.
July 1990: Dene/Metis of the Northwest Territories rejected their comprehensive land claim settlement with the federal government because of concern over the provision that would have them surrender their aboriginal rights. The Gwich'in left to settle their claim on a regional basis.
July 1991: the Gwichin (Kutchin) of the Mackenzie delta in the Northwest Territories reach a land claims settlement with the federal government based on the agreement of April 1990 rejected by Dene/Metis of the Northwest Territories.
December 7 1991: the Council of Yukon Indians voted to accept the umbrella final land claims agreement with the federal government.
December 16 1991: Indian Affairs Minister Tom siddon announced that the government had a final agreement with the Inuit (Tungavik Federation of Nunavut - TFN) of the eastern arctic.
1991: former NWT Commissioner John Parker appointed as an advisor to resolve the boundary dispute between the Tungavik Federation of Nunavut and Dene/Metis of the Northwest Territories. "The Parker Line" was established as the boundary of Nunavut.
1991: The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples was appointed.
January 1992: the Board of Directors of the Tungavik Federation of Nunavut (TFN) accepted the land claims agreement "Agreement Between the Inuit of the Nunavut Settlement Area and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada" and passed a resolution recommending that the Inuit ratify the agreement.
January 31, 1992: the wording of the plebiscite question wasn't announced at the Nunavut Leaders' summit in Iqaluit, NWT.
February 17 1992: the Government Leader of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories wrote to the Chief Plebiscite Officer indicating that May 14 (or 4?), 1992 would be the date for a plebiscite on the boundary to divide the Northwest Territories from Nunavut.
April 1992: the Nunavut Political Accord committed the federal and the Northwest Territories' governments to negotiate with the Inuit legislation to create the Nunavut Territory Government.
April 22 1992: the Gwichin final comprehensive land claim agreement was signed with the federal government.
May 4 (or 14?) 1992: the Northwest Territories Nunavut boundary plebiscite narrowly approved.
November 3-6 1992: the Inuit of the Tungavik Federation of Nunavut (TFN) voted on and approved the Nunavut land claims agreement and authorized its signing.
March 1993: it had been decided earlier in the year that the Tungavik Federation of Nunavut Tungavik Inc., would direct the transition to Nunavut and in March a Nunavut-wide election was held to elect the executive officers.
May 25, 1993: In Iqaluit, NWT, the final "Agreement Between the Inuit of the Nunavut Settlement Area and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada" was signed.

QUESTIONS SUBMITTED FOR MID-TERM QUIZ

QUESTIONS SUBMITTED FOR FINAL EXAM

STUDENT'S SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING AND RESEARCH ON THE TOPIC OF EX.(INUIT CULTURE)

These books are from our library here at Nunavut Research Institute. It shall be interesting when we get to do some of our research here!(submitted by Sharon Angnakak 02/08/02)

Inuit Studies – Inuit Identities – Inuit Circumpolar Study Group, Publications no 08741, 2001 (submitted by Sharon Angnakak 02/08/02)

Inuit Studies – Ritual/Identity/Toponymy - Inuit Circumpolar Study Group, Bibliotheque nationale du Canada ISSN 0701-1008, 1993 (submitted by Sharon Angnakak 02/08/02)

Inuit Studies – Image and Identity – Inuit Circumpolar Study Group, Bibliotheque nationale du Canada ISSN 0701-1008, 1996 (submitted by Sharon Angnakak 02/08/02)

Inuit Studies – Language/Ethnohistory/Gender, Inuit Circumpolar Study Group, Bibliotheque nationale du Canada, ISSN 0701-1008, 1992 (submitted by Sharon Angnakak 02/08/02)

Inuit Studies – Change, Interaction and the Inuit Universe – Bibliotheque nationale du Canada ISSN 0701-1008, 1994 (submitted by Sharon Angnakak 02/08/02)

Inuit Studies – History/Semantics – volume 19 number 2, 1995 (submitted by Sharon Angnakak 02/08/02)

STUDENT'S SUBMISSIONS FOR TIMELINE ON THE TOPIC OF EX.(INUIT CULTURE)

"The sociologist, in his quest for understanding, moves through the world of men without respect for the usual lines of demarcation." - Peter L. Berger

USEFUL TERMS IN INUKTITUT

Inuusiq:: way of life
Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit:: traditional knowledge
Isuma:: one's innermost thoughts and feelings
Nunavummiut:: residents of Nunavut

STUDENT'S SUBMISSIONS FOR GLOSSARY ON THE TOPIC OF EX.(INUIT CULTURE)

Sociology-: The scientific study of human social behavior. As the study of humans in their collective aspect, sociology is concerned with all group activities: economic, social, political, and religious. Sociologists study such areas as bureaucracy, community, deviant behavior, family, public opinion, social change, social mobility, social stratification, and such specific problems as crime, divorce, child abuse, and substance adtiction. Sociology tries to determine the laws governing human behavior in social contexts.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Absolute Deprivation -: A lack of basic necessities relative to a fixed standard such as the amount of food necessary for survival. (source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Abuse -: Causing harm or injury to one's self or others; abuse may be physical, psychological, or sexual, including the misuse of drugs or alcohol. (source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Achieved Status -: A status entered after birth and usually due at least in part to individual behavior.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Acting Collective Behavior -: Crowd or mass behavior oriented to specific goals. (source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Affluent Alienation -: The dissatisfaction that comes not from economic impoverishment, but from the fact that individuals sometimes give up their personalities, integrity, and intellect doing bureaucratic housekeeping chores as their work.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Affluent Society -: An account of American society that emphasizes the apparent wealth and material fascination and well being of a large segment of the population, namely the midtle-classes and above. What this conception often overlooks is that this affluence is possible only to the extent that the American working-class remains essentially in its nineteenth century position and the extent to which some others remain "un-affluent." (source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Age Structure -: The relative number of people of each age in a population.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Age/Sex Structure -: The age/sex structure is also called the population pyramid. This structure or pyramid is a graphic way to show the age and sex composition of a population. The sum of all age and sex groups equals 100 percent of the population. Significant events in a population's history are visualized in a population pyramid. Events such as wars, baby booms, or periods of high in/out migration can affect the age/sex structure significantly. This structure also predicts effects in a population. For example, if a population pyramid shows a bulge in the 10-19 age group, it is predicted that there will be a spurt of population growth over the next decade or two because the said age growth will enter their child-bearing years.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Ageism -: Similar to the dynamics of racism and sexism. It is a set of attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions about the aging process and of people who have been arbitrarily defined as no longer able to be productive because of advancing age, which influence and direct one's interactions with elderly people. Ageism is the discrimination and prejudice against elderly people based on mythologies about the aging process as well as misconceptions about youth, well-rounded ignorance, and stereotypes. Some of the stereotypes about the aged are: they generally have ill health, are conservative politically, alienated, interpersonally and economically dependent, nonsexual, and are physically separated from children. Ageism is structurally operative by enforcement of mandatory retirement age.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Alternative Communities -: A term used to suggest "alternative" institutional forms or living arrangements to the "established" forms, institutions, or life styles. The term is most often used in conjunction with nineteenth and twentieth century communal societies or communes, especially in reference to twentieth century counter cultural communes.
Amalgamation -: The process by which two or more previous racial, ethnic, or nationality identified groups intermarry and produce offspring that are of new racial stock.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Ancestor Worship -: The religious worship of ancestors based on the belief that they possess supernatural power.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Animism -: A religion based on the belief that spirits and ghosts inhabit sacred objects such as trees and rocks.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Anthropology -: The study of culture in small, pre-industrial societies. (source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Anticipatory Socialization -: The process of learning how to perform a role attached to a status we do not yet occupy.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Apollonian -: Refers to one of Ruth Benedict's polar types in her comparative ethnology of North American indigenous peoples. Apollonian culture is typified by members manifesting behaviors that keep them in the midtle of the road, that exemplify moderation, sobriety, and restraint. Individuals within an Apollonian culture do not attempt to medtle with frenzied and disruptive psychological states as do members of Dionysian cultures. (source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Ascribed Status -: A status assigned at birth (source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Assimilation -: The conformity of members of ethnic groups to the culture of the dominant group (source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Biological Determinism -: The belief that individual differences are biologically caused and, therefore, unchangeable.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Bureaucracy -: A complex set of formal, secondary relationships in which (1) entry into statuses is controlled by rigid norms; (2) people specialize in narrowly-defined tasks; (3) roles are rigidly defined by rules; (4) power is distributed in a clear hierarchy; (5) managers specialize in making sure everything works according to the rules; and (6) decisions are based on rational considerations of the organization's best interests rather than on personal feelings of individuals.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Case Study -: A research design that focuses on a single example rather than a representative sample.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Caste -: A social category in a stratification system in which membership depends on ascribed statuses and cannot be changed after birth. (source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Census -: A gathering of information on all members of a population.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Classical Social Movement Theory -: A theory (including several specific approaches) based on the following general model: some kind of strain or disturbance in the social environment(such as an economic depression) creates disruptive psychological states in individuals (such as anxiety) and individuals then channel their energy into social movements in order to relieve their emotional difficulties.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Cohort Effect -: Effects on people's lives that arise from the characteristics of the historical periods during which they experienced stages of life such as childhood or midtle age. (source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Consensus -: A social process within which individuals or groups previously in conflict come to some agreement in regard to the rules, content, intentions, and form of future interactions between them.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Cultural Determinism -: The belief that individual differences are caused by socialization and are, therefore, changeable. (source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Cultural System -: A functional theoretical model of culture seen as a system of interrelated parts, and concerned with the analysis of the functional interaction of the parts within the total system. Following Parsons, the cultural system is usually distinguished from the social system, the personality system, and the biological system. When referring to both the social and cultural systems the term sociocultural system is used.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Culture Lag -: An instance in which technological change occurs before cultural norms and values can be introduced to govern its use.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Differential Association (theory) -: A theory of deviance that argues that in the socialization process people vary in the norms and values they feel allegiance to because they are not equally exposed to the same norms and values.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Ethnic Group -: A set of people who identify with a common cultural heritage.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Ethnocentrism -: An attitude that one's own culture, society, or group is inherently superior to all others. Judging other cultures by your own cultural standards and since, of course, other cultures are different, they are therefore inferior. Ethnocentrism means an inability to appreciate others whose culture may include a different racial group, ethnic group, religion, morality, language, political system, economic system, etc. It also means an inability to see a common humanity and human condition facing all women and men in all cultures and societies beneath the surface variations in social and cultural traditions.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Folkways -: The set of manners and customary acts that characterize everyday life in a social system.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Gatherer-Hunter Society - A society in which subsistence needs are met primarily by gathering existing vegetation and hunting wild game.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
J-Curve Theory - A theory of social movements that argues that movements are most likely to occur when a period of rising expectations is followed by sharp and rapidly worsening conditions for members of deprived groups.
Popular Culture:: refers to cultural items or styles that are are well known and generally accepted but not always accepted by the vast majority of society. Nintendo games and top 40 music are examples of popular culture.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Pluralism (ethnic) -: The coexistence of diverse ethnic groups in the same society.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Rising Expectations -: The hope or expectation of a deprived group that social conditions will improve in the near future--thought by some sociologists to be a cause of social movements.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Rite of Passage -: A ceremony marking the transition of individuals from one social status to another.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Shamanism -: A form of animism in which a shaman is believed to have the power to communicate with spirits and thereby influence human life.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)
Traditional Authority -: Authority legitimated by the acceptance of historical institutional arrangements, the belief in the sanctity of tradition, patterns of social relations, and the fact they exist now, that they "are," i.e., existing institutions gain legitimacy because they have come through time to exist in their present states as well as legitimacy gained because institutions always exist prior to any specific individual so it appears that "that is the way things are." Examples of traditional authority would be chiefs, warlords, and kings.(source: www.iversonsoftware.com/sociology)

Note: Sharon has completed 20% of her course mark.

STUDENT'S PROJECT EX.(COMPARING THE TREATMENT OF TB IN NORTHERN COMMUNITIES: 1960 - 2002)

NEW! THIS IS THE URL FOR THE MACIONIS WEB PAGE.

Click on this to go to the Macionis site.

PARTICIPANTS' WEB-BASED RESOURCES

From previous course: Lori Flinders |

PARTICIPANTS' E-MAILS

sangnakak@hotmail.com Sharon Angnakak |
lellsworth@ahf.ca Lena Ellsworth |
Fauna Kingdon
youth@nunanet.com Miali-Elis Koley |
Elissa McKinnon
shannonp@nunanet.com | Shannon Partridge
aqnsdc@nunanet.com Annie Quirke |
GoneBananas@hotmail.com Anna Stenton

Last updated February, 2002.