Parliamentary International Forum



The Question of National Unity and Its Implications for Canada's Foreign Policy

Dinner Seminar:
  • Monday, March 25, 1996, 6:30 pm.

  • Room 601, Parliamentary Restaurant, House of Commons, Ottawa


  • The on-going crisis of national unity has had a disintegrative effect on the formation and practice of Canadian foreign policy, not unlike the effect of acid on a healthy organism. This is not to impugn the motivations of those who seek a radical alteration in the way the northern half of the continent is organized. But the consequences of years of constitutional haggling and political gridlock at the highest levels have been detrimental for Canada's international posture. the effects have been characterized as follows:

  • a consistent drain of energy, resources and time away from other areas of public policy and life, including international affairs;


  • a reduction in the confidence of friends and allies in Canada's capacity to deliver or even to survive;


  • the diminishment of Canada's image as a post-modern and cosmopolitan example of a multinational, pluralistic state that works; and


  • the reinforcement of a negative image of Canada as an endlessly indecisive and contentious polity without strong roots.


  • As thoughtful and sophisticated an observer as William Pfaff wrote in the New York Times in 1992:

    The majority of modern Canadians seem to have never satisfactorily settled in their minds why there should be a Canadian nation. The nation exists as a result of the Seven Years' War and that war's aftermath in Europe; the rebellion against the British Crown of the thirteen other North American colonies of Britain; and the Battle of Vimy Ridge, in the First World War, when Canadians first fought as Canadians and not as citizens of individual provinces. But it sometimes seems that the citizens of the United States believe in Canada's necessity (as a non-United States of America: evidence of alternative possibility, demonstration of non-inevitability -- even refuge) more than the Canadians themselves do.


    These views and effects can be questioned and critiqued. The point of the evening's discussion is to do just that, but also to consider the repercussions both for Canada and Quebec if the sovereignty option is eventually successful in future Quebec referendum and, if not, the degree to which Canada's foreign policy will be influenced regardless.

    A final consideration that should also bear on the proceeding is the extent to which Canada's fate is also being influenced by international trends. William Thorsell, the editor of The Globe and Mail, recently wrote: "the course of post-Soviet political history and the dynamics of modern technology are encouraging neo-nationalism and decentralization around the world (to the detriment even of the European Union)."

    It has been argued that the world has become a market place of competing images of the role of the individual and the society as a whole and the relationship between the two. States which have strong identities are able to project this image abroad, using it to influence events in such a way as to protect and further their interest. States which are internally fragmented and lack a coherent sense of identity will find it difficult to project a clear and compelling image at all.

    Is Canada's future bound by this sort of calculus or is it possible to continue to demonstrate the non-inevitability even of profound global trends?


    Speakers notes from forum
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